

Jones persuasively argues that the entire narrative of a war of white versus red roses is, in no small part, semiotically rich Tudor propaganda conceived to aggrandize the regimes of Henry VIII and Elizabeth I by contrasting 15th-century chaos with the subsequent period of relative peace and cultural efflorescence. His subsequent marriage to Elizabeth of York merged the feuding families and launched the Tudor dynasty. At the Battle of Bosworth in 1485, the Lancastrian Henry Tudor defeated Richard III, becoming King Henry VII.

As lawlessness and intrigue escalated, the throne fell to Edward IV and then his brother, Richard III, who had his two nephews killed to secure his crown. In time, Henry VI grew to be a feckless leader whose ineptitude encouraged his ambitious kinsmen to plots and treason. The premature and sudden death of Henry V in 1422 left his infant son, Henry VI, on the throne, surrounded by quarreling councilors. In the 15th century, the English crown changed hands five times as rival branches of the Plantagenets-the Lancasters and the Yorks-schemed and fought for the right to rule.
